Age. Sangamon (Lipps et al. 1968). The vampire bat is said to be <5000 BP (Jefferson 2014).
Discussion. Jefferson (1991a) lists Mancalla cf. californiensis from Graveyard Canyon as Rancholabrean without further comment; Fossilworks.org lists the time range as 3.6 to 2.588 Ma. I am omitting further consideration of the taxon.
Fauna.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus—Bald Eagle (Lipps et al. 1968: cf.)
†Mammuthus sp.—Mammoths (Jefferson 2014)
†Desmodus stocki—Stock's Vampire Bat (Jefferson 2014)
Zalophus sp.—Sea Lions (Lipps et al. 1968)
Literature. Jefferson 2014; Lipps et al. 1968; Jefferson 1991a.
Last Update: 29 May 2015