Age. ?Late Irvingtonian through Rancholabrean (Jefferson 1991a).
Fauna.
Osteichthyes
Gila orcuttii—Arroyo Chub (Jefferson 1991a)
Amphibia
Taricha sp.—Western Newts (Jefferson 1991a)
Anaxyrus boreas—Western Toad (Jefferson 1991a)
Bufo nestor. Tihen (1962) considered this to be a synonym of Bufo boreas.
Rana aurora—Northern Red-legged Frog
Hyla sp.—Tree Frogs (Jefferson 1991a)
Chelonia
Actinemys pallida—Southern Western Pond Turtle (Jefferson 1991a)
Clemmys marmorata
"Pseudemys scripta" (Jefferson 1991a).
It is unclear what species is represented. P. scripta (now Trachemys scripta) is a south-central U.S. species that does not occur close to California except as introduced. A species account has not been made.
Reptilia
Elgaria liocephalus—Smooth-headed Alligator Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Gerrhonotus liocephalus. This is assumed to be a misidentification. The current distribution is from eastern Chihuahua and farther south in Mexico and deemed by myself to be unlikely to have occurred in Pleistocene California. No species account is given.
Elgaria multicarinatus—Southern Alligator Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Gerrhonotus multicarinatus
Phrynosoma blainvillii—Blainvill's Horned Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Phrynosoma coronatum
Sceloporus magister—Desert Spiny Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Sceloporus occidentalis—Western Spiny Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Uta stansburiana—Side-blotched Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Plestiodon skiltonianus—Western Skink (Jefferson 1991a)
Eumeces skiltonianus
Aspidoscelis sp.—Whiptails (Jefferson 1991a)
Cnemidophorus sp.
Xantusia vigilis—Desert Night Lizard (Jefferson 1991a)
Coluber sp.—Racers and Coachwhips (Jefferson 1991a)
Lampropeltis getula—Common Kingsnake (Jefferson 1991a)
Pituophis catenifer—Gopher Snake (Jefferson 1991a)
Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer
Trimorphodon lyrophanes—California Lyre Snake (Jefferson 1991a)
Trimorphodon biscutatus. Trimorphodon biscutatus has been divided into several species since Jefferson's publication. Based solely on the current distribution, T. lyrophanes is the most likely species represented.
Crotalus oreganus—Western Rattlesnake (Jefferson 1991a)
Crotalus viridis
Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha—Coast Nightsnake (Jefferson 1991a)
Hypsiglena torquata. The genus Hypsiglena has been split into several species; based solely on present distribution, likely H. ochrorhyncha is the species represented.
Aves
Anas acuta—Northern Pintail (Jefferson 1991a)
Anas clypeata—Northern Shoveler (Jefferson 1991a)
Anas crecca—Green-winged Teal (Jefferson 1991a)
Anas platyrhynchos—Mallard (Jefferson 1991a)
Anas strepera—Gadwall (Jefferson 1991a)
Aythya affinis—Lesser Scaup (Jefferson 1991a)
Branta canadensis—Canada Goose (Jefferson 1991a)
Bucephala sp.—Golden Eyes (Jefferson 1991a)
Chen sp.—Chen Geese (Jefferson 1991a)
†Chendytes lawi—Law's Flightless Sea Duck (Jefferson 1991a)
Oxyura jamaicensis—Ruddy Duck (Jefferson 1991a)
Callipepla californicus—California Quail (Jefferson 1991a)
Meleagris sp.—Turkeys (Jefferson 1991a)
Podiceps sp.—Podiceps Grebes (Jefferson 1991a)
Podilymbus sp.—Podilymbus Grebes (Jefferson 1991a)
Phalacrocorax sp.—Cormorants (Jefferson 1991a)
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus—White Pelican (Jefferson 1991a)
Ardea herodias—Great Blue Heron (Jefferson 1991a)
Cathartes aura—Turkey Vulture (Jefferson 1991a)
Accipiter striatus—Sharp-shinned Hawk (Jefferson 1991a)
Buteo jamaicensis—Red-tailed Hawk (Jefferson 1991a)
Grus sp.—Cranes (Jefferson 1991a)
Fulica americana—American Coot (Jefferson 1991a)
Gallinula sp.—Moorhens (Jefferson 1991a)
Rallus sp.—Rails (Jefferson 1991a)
Charadrius vociferus—Killdeer (Jefferson 1991a)
Patagioenas fasciata—Band-tailed Pigeon (Jefferson 1991a)
Columba fasciata
Tyto alba—Barn Owl (Jefferson 1991a)
Caracara cheriway—Crested Caracara (Jefferson 1991a)
Polyborus plancus
Falco sp.—Falcons (Jefferson 1991a)
Mammalia
†Mammuthus imperator—Imperial Mammoth (Jefferson 1991b:cf.)
†Mammut americanum—American Mastodont (Jefferson 1991b)
†Megalonyx sp.—Megalonyx Ground Sloths (Jefferson 1991b)
Otospermophilus beecheyi—California Ground Squirrel (Jefferson 1991b)
Spermophilus beecheyi
Thomomys bottae—Botta's Pocket Gopher (Jefferson 1991b)
Microtus californicus—California Vole (Jefferson 1991b)
Neotoma lepida—Desert Woodrat (Jefferson 1991b)
Peromyscus sp.—White-footed Mice (Jefferson 1991b)
Sigmodon sp.—Cotton Rats (Jefferson 1991b)
Lepus sp.—Jackrabbits (Jefferson 1991b)
Sylvilagus bachmaniBrush Rabbit—(Jefferson 1991b)
Scapanus latimanus—Broad-footed Mole (Jefferson 1991b: cf.)
Lynx sp.—bobcats (Jefferson 1991b)
Canis latrans—Coyote (Jefferson 1991b: cf.)
Urocyon sp.—Gray Foxes (Jefferson 1991b: cf. gen.)
Mephitis sp.—Striped Skunks (Jefferson 1991b)
Bassariscus astutus—Ringtail (Jefferson 1991b: cf.)
†Eguus occidentalis—Western Horse (Jefferson 1991b: cf.)
†Tapirus merriami—Merriam's Tapir (Jefferson 1991b)
†Camelops hesternus—Yesterdays Camel (Jefferson 1991b)
†Palaeolama mirifica—Stout-legged Llama (Jefferson 1991b: cf.)
Cervus elaphus—Elk (Jefferson 1991b)
Odocoileus hemionus—Mule Deer (Jefferson 1991b)
Antilocapra sp.—Pronghorn (Jefferson 1991b: ? gen.)
Literature. Camp1917; Jefferson 1991a; Jefferson 1991b; Tihen 1962.
Last Update: 27 Jan 2014